4.The new materials consist of pressure sensors built into or under flexible rubber sheets, which could be easily wrapped around robotic instruments.

consist of由…组成，由...构成

例句：The book consists of nineteen chapters.

全书共分19章。

The entire world consists of matter.

整个世界都是由物质组成的。

1.The administration is unlikely to encounter much opposition to the sale of weaponry to a traditional ally and will probably argue that it's all part of a strategy to bolster friendly Arab governments in the face of growing strategic threats from Iran.

参考翻译：

向传统的盟国出售如此大量的武器，美国政府估计不可能遭遇反对，而且可能会辩称，这是帮助友好的阿拉伯政府提高应对来自伊朗不断增长的战略威胁的策略的一部分。

结构分析：

这句话的主语是The administration，谓语是两个并列的成分，有and连接，分别是is unlikely to encounter much opposition和will probably argue，后面的that引导的是宾语从句，辩解的内容。in the face of，面临……，做状语。

2.The software giant Microsoft is changing the way it operates in Russia in response to reports that the Kremlin is using anti-piracy laws as a pretext for police raids on human rights groups and non-governmental organizations.