BBC News with Marion Marshall

The United Nations Secretary General Ban Ki-moon has joined South Korea and several major powers in a strong condemnation of North Korea's shelling of a South Korean island, which killed several soldiers and injured dozens of people. South Korea's President Lee Myung-bak ordered the army toretaliatewith missile strikes in the event of further North Korean attacks. The US State Department described the shelling as a stunning provocation. From the UN, here is Barbara Plett.

Ban Ki-moon said the artillery attack was one of the gravest incidents since the Korean War ended in 1953. He condemned it and called for immediaterestraint. In a telephone call, heconveyed his concerns to the current president of the Security Council, the British ambassador Mark Lyall Grant. Mr Lyall Grant told reporters he wasin touch withcouncil members about what to do next. No country has formally requested an emergency session, and the UN will wait to hear what South Korea might want from such a meeting. But North Korea's deputy ambassador said this was something that should be discussed by the two Koreas and not by the Security Council.

Defence analysts in Washington say the insurgency in Afghanistan is growing in strength and that levels of violence have reached new highs. In a report to Congress, the analysts say combat incidents have increasedthreefoldsince 2007. From Washington, Kevin Connolly reports.

The Pentagon assessment makes sobering reading. Itdepicts an enemy which has the support of Iran and continuing access to safe havens along the Pakistan border. The Western allies have something like 150,000 troops in Afghanistan, around two thirds of them American. The enemy they are fighting emerges from the Pentagon report as resilient, adaptable and sophisticated. The report says the Taliban is drawing strength from a belief among the Afghan people that Nato forces will soon leave the country,clearing the way fora Taliban victory.

A report from the United Nations Environment Programme suggests voluntary pledges on cutting carbon emissions have been so ineffective that global temperatures could double to 4C. That's twice the figure most governments see as leading to dangerous levels of global warming. More from Richard Black.

Researchers have been calculating what pledges are likely to meanin terms ofa global temperature rise. They conclude that even the most optimistic reading of the pledges suggests they are not enough to prevent temperatures rising beyond levels that most governments consider dangerous. A rise of up to 4C over the course of this century isfeasible. The UN is putting an optimistic slant on the figures, saying they represent a good first step, but many would argue that scientific understanding of climate change means the time for first steps is long gone.

Financial markets across much of the European Union have fallen significantly, reflecting continued concern over the economic future of countries such as Spain and Portugal as well as the already troubled Ireland and Greece. The value of the euro fell against the US dollar by more than two cents.

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Researchers in the United States say a pill already used to treat HIV patients reduces the risk of new infections in gay men by 44%, more if the pill is taken regularly. In what they are calling a major advance, the scientists found the drug, Truvada, could help todramaticallycurb male-to-male HIV transmission. Dr Anthony Fauci at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases called the results encouraging but said more work needed to be done.

"This has been done in men who have sex with men. We need to know if we get similar results in women as well as in heterosexual men, which we have every reason to believe we will. We need to get a long-term view of were there any toxicities. We didn't see anything that was significant, but we need to follow that for a long period of time."

Now it may seem a lot for a 34-year-old personal computer, but one of the first Apple computers has been sold by the fine art auctioneers Christie's in London for over $130,000. The Apple I was launched in 1976 when the firm's founder Steve Jobs began selling it from his parents' garage. Rory Cellan-Jones was at the auction.

The Apple I doesn't look like a computer to the modern eye. It was sold without a casing, a power supply, a screen or a keyboard, and you are expected toassembleit yourself. But the product designed by Apple's co-founders, Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak, marked the beginning of the personal computing era. After seeing the Apple I go for roughly 300 times its 1976 price, Steve Wozniak said he'd never imagined that computers would now do so much.

The Polish-born actress Ingrid Pitt has died in London at the age of 73. She was best-known for her work in cult 1970s horror films like The Wicker Man and Countess Dracula - roles, she said, you couldget your teeth into.

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联合国秘书长潘基文与韩国及几个主要大国强烈谴责朝鲜炮击韩国小岛的行为。这次炮击造成几名士兵死亡，数十人受伤。韩国总统李明博下令如果朝鲜发动进一步袭击，韩国军队使用炮火强力还击。美国国务院称这次炮击是明显的挑衅。联合国，Barbara Plett报道。

潘基文表示，这次炮火袭击是自1953年朝鲜战争结束以来最严重的事件之一。他对此提出谴责，并要求双方立即控制自己的行为。在电话中，他向本月轮值主席、英国常驻联合国代表格兰特（Mark Lyall Grant）表达了自己的担忧。格兰特告诉记者，他已经与安理会成员进行接洽，商讨接下来的行动。没有任何国家要求召开紧急会议，联合国希望等待韩国意图从这样的会议中得到什么样的结果。但是朝鲜代理大使表示，此事应该由朝鲜和韩国进行讨论，而不是由安理会来磋商。

华盛顿国防分析家称，阿富汗的反叛分子势力有所增长，暴力水平达到新的高度。在向国会递交的报告中，分析人员表示，自2007年以来，战斗次数增加了三倍。华盛顿，Kevin Connolly报道。

五角大楼的评估非常严肃。报道称，敌人拥有伊朗的支持，并且在巴基斯坦边境一带拥有安全避难所。西方盟国在阿富汗驻军150,000人，大约三分之二是美国人。五角大楼的报道称他们正在打击的敌人是达观的，适应性强的，老练的。报告称，塔利班分子再次获得势头是因为阿富汗人民相信，北约军队将很快离开阿富汗，为塔利班分子获得胜利扫清道路。

来自联合国环境项目的一份报告显示，二氧化碳减排方面的志愿承诺效果非常不理想，全球气温可能会上升四度。这是大部分政府认为的全球变暖到达危险水平的温度的两倍。Richard Black报道详细内容。

研究人员已经知道，在全球气温上升方面，承诺意味着什么。他们得出结论，即使最乐观的承诺也不足以防止气温上升到大部分政府认为的危险水平。本世纪气温上升4摄氏度是完全可能的。联合国对该数字过于乐观，称这代表了良好的第一步，但是许多人辩称对气候变化的科学解释意味着采取措施的最佳时机已经过去。

欧盟内部许多金融市场大幅下跌，反应了投资者对西班牙，葡萄牙等国，以及已经陷入困境的爱尔兰和希腊未来经济状况的担忧。欧元对美元的汇率下降了超过两分。

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美国研究人员表示，用于治疗HIV病人的一种药片使同性恋男子感染艾滋病的风险降低了44%，如果经常服用，效果更加明显。在他们所说的重大进展中，科学家发现Truvada药物可以显著抑制HIV在男子之间的传播。国家过敏症和传染病研究所的Anthony Fauci医生表示，该结果非常令人振奋，但是仍需进行更多工作。

“目前，这种功效只是体现在发生在相互性行为的男子身上。我们需要知道，这种药物对女同性恋和双性恋男子是否有同样的效果。我们有理由相信结果是肯定的。我们需要长期的观察来确定这种药物是否存在毒副作用。我们没有看到显著的作用，但是我们需要进行长期的跟踪。”

现在，34年之久的个人电脑可能有很多，但是其中一台苹果电脑在伦敦佳士得拍出超过130,000美元的价格。苹果一代于1976年出产，该公司创始人Steve Jobs在他父母的车库里开始出售这种电脑。Rory Cellan-Jones就在拍卖会现场。

按照现代的眼光，苹果一代看上去不像电脑。这台电脑没有外壳，没有电源，屏幕或键盘，必须自己进行组装。但是由公司联合创始人Steve Jobs和Steve Wozniak设计的这种产品标志着个人电脑时代的开始。现在，这台电脑的价格已经是1976年价格的三百倍，Steve Wozniak说，他从来没想到电脑现在如此普及。

波兰出生的女演员英格丽德-皮特(Ingrid Pitt)在伦敦去世，享年73岁。她因恐怖电影中扮演的角色而著名，例如，电影《异教徒》和《德古拉女伯爵》，她说，这些角色令人全身心地投入。

1.retaliate vi.报复, 反击

例句：If you strike me, I shall retaliate.

你要是打我, 我就还击。

2.restraint n.抑制, 遏制, 管制, 约束

例句：His affections were kept under continual restraint.

他的感情一直受到压抑。

3.convey v.表达, 转达，传递

例句：I can't convey my feelings in words.

我无法用言语来表达我的情感。

He tried to convey how he felt.

他试图表达他的感受。

4.threefold adj.adv.<正>三倍(的)

例句：A threefold cord is not quickly broken.

三股拧成的绳子不易断。

5.depict vt.描绘; 描画

例句：The artist depicted him strolling through a garden.

画家描绘了他在花园漫步的情景。

6.feasible adj.可行的, 可能且合理的

例句：This is a feasible scheme.

这是一个切实可行的计划。

7.dramatically adv.戏剧性地;引人注目地;显著的

例句：His tone changed dramatically when he saw the money.

当他看到钱时，说话语调发生了戏剧性的变化。

Our way of life has changed dramatically over the last ten years.

在过去10年里我们的生活方式发生了巨大的变化。

8.assemble vt.集合;装配

例句：He was busy assembling the bike.

他忙着装配自行车。

1.Mr Lyall Grant told reporters he was in touch with council members about what to do next.

in touch with同...有联系

例句：Have you got in touch with him?

你跟他接上头了吗?

2.The report says the Taliban is drawing strength from a belief among the Afghan people that Nato forces will soon leave the country, clearing the way for a Taliban victory.

clear the way for为&hellip;扫清道路;为&hellip;开路

例句：The enforcement of this law will clear the way for further reform.

该项法律的实施将进一步扫除改革的障碍。

3.Researchers have been calculating what pledges are likely to mean in terms of a global temperature rise.

in terms of就…而言, 从…方面说来

例句：He referred to your work in terms of high praise.

他对你的工作大加赞扬。

He thought of everything in terms of money.

他是从钱的角度来看每一件事。

4.She was best-known for her work in cult 1970s horror films like The Wicker Man and Countess Dracula - roles, she said, you could get your teeth into.

get your teeth into全身心投入

例句：Come on, Bill.You have to get your teeth into your biology.

我说比尔，你得认认真真地好好学习生物课。