Violence in Iraq has been increasing steadily in recent weeks. In June at least 237 people were killed making it one of the bloodiest months since the U.S. withdrawal.

Shiraz Maher explains some of the motive.

“Even now al-Qaida in Iraq continues to target civil institutions in Iraq because it regards them principally as continuing to further a Western agenda," he said. "And, of course, we’re just at the start of Ramadan which is traditionally a peak time for al-Qaida attacks, particularly in Iraq.”

The ongoing violence in Iraq has its roots in the rule of Saddam Hussein, says Nadim Shehadi of independent policy institute Chatham House.

“We allowed Saddam Hussein to massacre the Kurds, the Shias in the south, the Marsh Arabs... a lot of the sectarianism and the extremism that we see in Iraq is the product of that period before,” he explained.

Shehadi says the West’s experience in Iraq is influencing the debate on intervention in Syria.

“The lesson they’ve learned is that if you take out the dictator then the country falls apart," he said. "And I think this is the wrong lesson to take because what made the transition in Iraq difficult is what happened before the invasion.”

Shehadi argues that the government crackdown on the Syrian uprising is stoking sectarianism and extremism.

“When we take the lid off, this is what we will find. Even though intervention has its costs, non-intervention, especially now in Syria, will also incur a lot of costs and these are costs we will have to face when the regime ultimately falls,” he said.