TheVSign
The palm-forwardVsign, formed by raising and spreading the first two fingers1 ,has three different meanings in American culture.The most popular meaning of theVsign was invented in 1941 by a Belgian, Victor De Lavalaye. Wanting a symbol for resistance to the Nazi2 occupation, he came up with the single letterV, which stood not only for his own first name3, but also for English victory, Flemish virijheid, and French victoire. The symbolism of the sign spread very quickly, and Winston Churchill4 used it constantly in public appearance. Thus throughout the 1940 s and 1950 s, the gesture meant simplyvictory.The second meaning came in the 1960 s. Because of its military implication, Americanantiwar protestors used the sign sarcastically against the arms, so that it became known as the peace sign. In the 1970s, theVsign , which had lost its military implication, was a common greeting among freedom lovers, acid heads5, political radicals, and ultimately, young people in general. So by about the middle of the 1970s, it ceased to give clue to the users philosophy. The third meaning is the oldest and least common. American children jokingly put V, which resembles horns, behind friendsheads in group snapshots. The are unknowingly reproducing something that southern Europeans would find highly offensive. This mischief, calledhorns of the Devil, is a variant of the European hornsgesture, which is obscene. Here theVsign meansYour wife has been cheating on you or, when placed behind anothers head,His wife has been cheating on him. In the United States, the gesture is typically given with the palm facing the viewer. The British use both this version and an older, palm-backward version; the latter is obscene in American culture, and corresponds to the American finger6 . Churchill got some surprised stares in 1941 when, evidently unaware of the vulgar usage, he gave the palm-backwardVto British troops. In England today you could have to be a social hermit not to understand the distinction. Astonishingly, however, Margaret Thatcher7 repeated Churchills error after her victory in the 1979 election.
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