In February 1972, President Nixon paid an ice-breaking visit to China at the invitation of Premier Zhou Enlai, when they had a “handshake that crossed the vast Pacific Ocean”. Addressing the welcoming banquet at the Great Hall of the People, President Nixon said that he had come for US interests. “You believe deeply in your system, and we believe just as deeply in our system. It is not our common beliefs that have brought us together here, but our common interests and our common hopes.” He added, “There is no reason for us to be enemies.” “This is the day for our two peoples to rise to the heights of greatness which can build a new and a better world.” Chinese leaders emphasized that China and the US needed to be clear-minded about their differences and work hard to find common ground in order for the relationship to make a new start.
中美双方在尼克松总统访华期间发表“上海公报”,在肯定两国共同点的同时,如实列出双方存在的分歧,明确指出中美两国的社会制度和外交政策有着本质的区别,同意各国不论社会制度如何,都应根据尊重各国主权和领土完整、不侵犯别国、不干涉别国内政、平等互利、和平共处的原则来处理国与国之间的关系。双方还声明,中美关系走向正常化是符合所有国家利益的。这一历史性文件载明了中美双方愿意秉持相互尊重、平等相待、求同存异原则处理两国关系的重要共识。“上海公报”充分体现了联合国宪章宗旨和原则的精神,符合国际关系基本准则。
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