A Americans today choose among more options in more parts of life than has ever been possible before. To an extent, the opportunity to choose enhances our lives. It is only logical to think that if some choice is good, more is better; people who care about having infinite options will benefit from them, and those who do not can always just ignore the 273 versions of cereal they have never tried. Yet recent research strongly suggests that, psychologically, this assumption is wrong. Although some choice is undoubtedly better than none, more is not always better than less。
B Recent research offers insight into why many people end up unhappy rather than pleased when their options expand. We began by making a distinction between maximizers and satisficers 。
C In particular, we composed a set of statementsthe Maximization Scaleto diagnose peoples propensity to maximize. Then we had several thousand people rate themselves from 1 to 7 on such statements as I never settle for second best. We also evaluated their sense, of satisfaction with their decisions. We did not define a sharp cutoff to separate maximizers from satisficers, but in general, we think of individuals whose average scores are higher than 4 as maximizers and those whose scores are lower than the midpoint as satisficers. People who score highest on the testthe greatest maximizersengage in more product comparisons than the lowest scorers, both before and after they make purchasing decisions, and they take longer to decide what to buy. When satisficers find an item that meets their standards, they stop looking. But maximizers exert enormous effort reading labels, checking out consumer magazines and trying new products. They also spend more time comparing their purchasing decisions with those of others。
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