American History Series: Rebuilding the South
Radical Republicans sent their supporters from the North to organize southern blacks for their party. Southern whites had a name for them: ''carpetbaggers.'' Transcript of radio broadcast:
04 February 2010
Welcome to THE MAKING OF A NATION – American history in VOA Special English.
In March of eighteen sixty-eight, Congress tried to remove President Andrew Johnson from office. But the Senate failed in the effort by one vote. Andrew Johnson was a Democrat. Congress was controlled by radical members of the Republican Party.
Most of the charges at Johnson's trial were based on his dismissal of the secretary of war. A new law said the president could not remove a cabinet officer without Senate approval. Johnson said the law was unconstitutional.
The impeachment trial of President Andrew JohnsonThe trial was an important turning point in the making of the nation. Removal from office would have established the idea that the president could serve only with the approval of Congress. The president would have become, in effect, a prime minister, requiring the support of Congress to remain in office. Andrew Johnson's victory kept alive the idea of an independent presidency.
Although Congress failed to remove him, the vote did not end a conflict with the White House over the future of the South. But it did have an effect on efforts to rebuild the South following the war.
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