3.The United Nations is appealing for millions of dollars in emergency aid for Sri Lanka to compensate those who've been affected by the floods and to help them replant their crops.
appeal for呼吁
例句:He appealed for his parents' forgiveness.
他恳求他的双亲宽恕他。
1.As darkness fell and a curfew again came into force, reports came from the city centre that at least two people had been shot by troops in the main square.
that at least two people...是reports的同位语从句。
同位语从句与定语从句的不同之处:
1)从句的作用不同:同位语从句用来进一步说明前面名词的内容;定语从句用来修饰、限定前面的名词。
e.g. The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging. (从句说明“消息”的内容:我们队取得了决赛胜利。)
The news that you told us is really encouraging.(从句对“消息”加以限定:是你告诉我们的,而非来自其他渠道。但消息是何内容却不得而知。)
2)that引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词,故不能用which替换;而that引导定于从句时是代词,常可以和另一关系代词which替换。
e.g. The fact that he is from Canada is new to me. (that不可换为which)
The fact that surprised me is that he is not Chinese.(第一个that可换为which,第二个不行,因为它引导的是表语从句。)