7. While all tobacco smoking affects life and expectancy and health, cigarette smoking appears to have a much greater effect than cigar or pipe smoking. However, nicotine consumption is not diminished by the latter forms, and current research indicates a causal relationship between all forms of smoking and cancer of the mouth and throat. Filters and low tar tobacco are claimed to make smoking to some extent safer, but they can only marginally reduce, not eliminate the hazards.
7、尽管吸食各种烟草都会影响预期寿命和健康,但是抽香烟的影响要比抽雪茄和抽烟斗大得多。不过,后两种并不能减少对尼古丁的吸食,并且当编者注:本篇文章写作日期较早。事实上,近年来美国吸烟人口比率以及吸烟量一直在持续下降。根据美国疾病预防与控制中心的报告,2003年美国抽烟人口比率已经下降到21、6%.美国对吸烟有明确的法律规定:未满21周岁的人不得吸烟;在公共场所,如图书馆、教堂、超市、饭店、公共汽车、地铁等处不得吸烟。美国对烟草行业的征税特别重,故烟价很高,这也是限制吸烟的重要措施。前的研究指出各式各样的吸烟都和口腔癌、喉癌有某种因果关系。据称过滤嘴香烟和低焦油烟草能使吸烟在某种程度上比较安全,但是这只能略微减少危害,而不能消除危害。
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