By the late 1980s the U.S. and Canada had 142 4-year medical colleges recognized by the Liaison Committee on Medical Education to offer the M.D. degree; during the 1987-88 academic year, 47,262 men and 25,686 women entered these colleges and an estimated 11,752 men and 5,958 women were graduated. Graduates, after a year of internship, receive licenses to practice if they pass an examination given either by a state board or by the National Board of Medical Examiners.

　　练习:

　　1. In 18th-century America,

　　A) there was no higher institution of learning which taught medicine.

　　B) there were already a few higher institutions of learning which taught medicine.

　　C) those higher institutions of learning which taught medicine were better than those in Europe.

　　D) those higher institutions of learning did not give the degree of doctor of medicine.

　　2. In the 19th-century, all American medical schools

　　A) began to give their students chances for training in hospitals.

　　B) had good teachers and fine facilities

　　C) had large numbers of students.

　　D) None of the above is true.

　　3. The American Medical Association and the Association of American Medical Colleges were Established

　　A) to ban those proprietary schools of medicine.

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