And these incidence figures are probably conservative, the researchers add, since their ADR definition did not include outcomes linked to problems in drug administration, overdoses, drug abuse, and therapeutic failures.

　　The control of ADRs also means spending more money. One US study estimated the overall cost of treating ADRs at up to $4 billion per year.

　　Dr David Bates of Brigham and Womens Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts, believes that healthcare workers need to pay more attention to the problem, especially since many ADRs are easily preventable. When a patient develops an allergy or sensitivity, it is often not recorded, Bates notes, and patients receive drug to which they have known allergies or sensitivities with disturbing frequency. He believes computerized surveillance systems---still works-in-progress at many of the nations hospitals---should help cut down the frequency of these types of errors.

　　1. Researchers at the University of Toronto believe that

　　A) ADRs have caused medical problems, though they seldom lead to death.

　　B) ADRs have very often caused patients to die in Canada.

　　C) ADRs have caused many deaths in America over the past 30 years.

　　D) It is easy to prevent ADRs from happening.

　　2. The investigators say that

　　A) 67 patients out of 100 in every American hospital die from ADRs each year.

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