Doctors expectations also contribute to the awesome power of the placebo effect. In a study of tooth extractions, patients were given either a painkiller or sham drugs. Some dentists were assigned to give either drug, without knowing which, but other dentists knew they would be giving only sham drugs. The patients whose dentists thought they had at least a 50-50 chance of giving a painkiller suffered significantly less pain.
Presumably, doctors transmit their expectations to the patient through subtle cues, often without knowing they are doing so. For this reason, all properly designed drug trials are double blind. But given that both groups can often guess from the side effects, even this precaution may not always crush the generation of expectancies.
1. Which of the following is NOT a feature of Western medicine?
A) It reduces the patients; self-healing powers.
B) It has the full support of high-tech machines.
C) It is very expensive.
D) It has complicated rituals.
2. What dose the term the placebo effect mean?
A) It means the mind-troubling effect.
B) It means the psychological effect.
C) It means the harmful effect.
D) It means the theatrical effect.
3. What does them refer to?
A) Clinical trials.
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