4. In line.., the word ... could best be replaced by _________

　　5. By ... the author means _________

　　6. The word ..., as used by the author, most nearly means ________

　　7. In this passage, the word ... means

　　8. ... in the context of the passage refers to _________

　　9. ..., as used in the passage, can best be defined as _________

　　例1

　　Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep, researchers say, is the complexity of the day. Whenever pressures from work, family, friends and community mount, many people consider sleep the least expensive item on his program. In our society, youre considered dynamic if you say you only need 5.5 hours sleep. If youve got to get 8.5 hours, people think you lack drive and ambition.

　　To determine the consequences of sleep deficit, researchers have put subjects through a set of psychological and performance tests requiring them, for instance, to add columns of numbers or recall a passage read to them only minutes earlier. Weve found that if youre in sleep deficit, performance suffers, says Dr. David. Short-term memory is weakened, as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate.

　　1. The word subjects in line 6 refers to ________.

　　A. the performance tests used in the study of sleep deficit

　　B. special branches of knowledge that are being studied

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