但是,最近在所有这三类动物身上,对鳍肢的骨骼结构所存在的细致共同点的发现足以削弱这样一种企图,即把表面上的近似作为趋同进化所致的结果来将其解释掉。而所谓的趋同进化,是指在互不相关的生物群体之间,作为对类似的环境压力作出的反应,彼此独立的发展形成某些相同特征。
76.Human genes contain too little information even to specify which hemisphere of the brain each of a humans 10 neurons should occupy,let alone the hundreds of connections that each neuron makes.
人类因基所包含的信息是如此之少,以致于就连去具体规定人类1011的神经细胞中任意一个细胞应占据大脑的哪个半脑都无法做到,更不用提每个神经细胞所会形成的数百种连接。
77.These questions are political in the sense that the debate over them will inevitably be less an exploration of abstract matters in a spirit of disinterested inquiry than an academic power struggle in which the careers and professional fortunes of many women scholars-only now entering the academic profession in substantial numbers-will be at stake,and with them the chances for a distinctive contribution to humanistic understanding,a contribution that might be an important influence against sexism in our society.
这些问题之所以带有政治性质,因为可避免地,围绕这些问题展开的急诊与其说是一种在客观冷静科研精神指导下对抽象问题的探索,倒不如说是一种学术上的权力斗争。在此斗争中,许多女学者中只是在现在才开始以众多的人数进入学术界的学术生涯和职业命运将处于存亡攸关的危急关头,与她们相伴随的是对人文理解作出一种独特贡献的机遇,这一贡献则很有可能成为消除我们社会中所存在的性别主义的一股重要影响。
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