The extraction of case histories is not, however, the only use to which court records may be put. Historians who study preindustrial Europe have used the records to 40 establish a series of categories of crime and to quantify indictments that were issued over a given number of years. This use of the records does yield some information about the nonelite, but this information gives us little insight into the mental lives of the 45 nonelite. We also know that the number of indictments in preindustrial Europe bears little relation to the number of actual criminal acts, and we strongly suspect that the relationship has varied widely over time. In addition, aggregate population estimates are very 50 shaky, which makes it difficult for historians to compare rates of crime per thousand in one decade of the preindustrial period with rates in another decade. Given these inadequacies,it is clear why the case history use of court records is to be preferred.
4. The author suggests that, before the early 1950s,most historians who studied preindustrial Europe did which of the following?
Failed to make distinctions among members of the preindustrial European political and social elite.
Used investigatory methods that were almost exclusively statistical in nature.
Inaccurately estimated the influence of the preindustrial European political and social elite.
Confined their work to a narrow range of the preindustrial European population.
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