However, Smith fails to recognize that this division of power between the tribal chiefs and shamans was not actually rooted in Iroquois tradition; rather, it resulted from the Iroquois resettlement on reservations early in the nineteenth century. Prior to resettlement, the chiefs council controlled only the broad policy of the tribal league; individual tribes had institutionsmost important, the longhouse )to govern their own affairs. In the longhouse, the tribes chief influenced both political and religious affairs.

　　24. The primary purpose of the passage is to

　　 question the published conclusions of a scholar concerning the history of the Iroquois nation

　　 establish the relationship between an earlier scholars work and new anthropological research

　　 summarize scholarly controversy concerning an incident from Iroquois history

　　 trace two generations of scholarly opinion concerning Iroquois social institutions

　　 differentiate between Iroquois political practices and Iroquois religious practices

　　25. It can be inferred that the author of the passage regards Smiths argument as

　　 provocative and potentially useful, but flawed by poor organization

　　 eloquently presented, but needlessly inflammatory

　　 accurate in some of its particulars, but inaccurate with regard to an important point

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