refuting a commonly accepted theory about population density and offering a new alternative
18. It can be inferred from the passage that the author considers the dichotomy discussed in the second paragraph to be
applicable only to erratically fluctuating populations
useful, but only if its limitations are recognized
dangerously misleading in most circumstances
a complete and sufficient way to account for observed phenomena
conceptually valid, but too confusing to apply on a practical basis
19. Which of the following statements can be inferred from the last paragraph?
For irregularly fluctuating populations, doubling the number of observations made will probably result in the isolation of density-dependent effects.
Density-dependent effects on population dynamics do not occur as frequently as do density-independent effects.
At present, ecologists do not understand any of the underlying causes of the density-dependent effects they observe in population dynamics.
Density-dependent effects on growth parameters are thought to be caused by some sort of biochemical signaling that ecologists hope eventually to understand.
It is sometimes possible to infer the existence of a density-dependent factor controlling population growth without understanding its causative mechanism.
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