1. 整体法,即把一个复杂的意群先用整体的元素来取代。比如一句经典的GRE句子:That sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted. 从逻辑上来讲,这句话就是That sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted. 即A and B will be favored. A指的就是that sex ratio which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have,而B指的是the number of gene copies transmitted。
2. 拨笋法,这是长难句最容易理解的产生方法。比如另一个GRE的经典句子:Gutman argues convincingly that the stability of the Black family encouraged the transmission of-and so was crucial in sustaining-the Black heritage of folklore, music, and religious expression from one generation to another, a heritage that slaves were continually fashioning out of their African and American experiences. 句子很长,但是如果一个母语是英语的人来读这个问题,我想他会按照以下这个框图模式来阅读,每一个小短句就是一个意群,我们要做的就是从这些以意群中筛选出我们所需要的信息。
每一个框图都存在一个重要信息:框图1告诉我们这是Gutman的观点,不是奥特曼的观点。黑人家族稳定性和黑人文化之间的关系,框图2告诉我们前者促进后者的传播,框图3告诉我们前者还稳定了后者。最后一个框图告诉我们到底什么是黑人文化。再仔细思考一下逻辑性,你会发现,老美写的文章真是滴水不漏,非常严密。
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