二十世纪五十年代早期,研究前工业化时代欧洲的史学家,首次以众多的人数,开始调查前工业化时代欧洲人口中的大多数,而非那些构成了政治与社会精英阶层的百分之二或三的人口,即国王、将军、法官、贵族、主教、以及地方上的达官显贵,而正是这部分人一直到那时为止普遍充斥于史学著作。
37. Historians such as Le Roy Ladurie have used the documents to extract case histories,which have illuminated the attitudes of different social groups and have revealed how the authorities administered justice.
象勒罗伊。拉迪里一类的史学家利用这些文献史料从中挖掘出某些个案史来,阐明了不同社会群体的态度,并揭示出当局是如何执行审判的。
38. It can be inferred from the passage that a historian who wished to compare crime rates per thousand in a European city in one decade of the fifteenth century with crime rates in another decade of that century would probably be most aided by better information about which of the following?
从文章中可以推断出来,一个希望比较十五世纪以前一个十年的某个欧洲城市中的每千人的犯罪率与另外一个十年中的犯罪率的历史学家将会被以下那种信息的提高所最好的帮助?
39. My point is that its central consciousnessits profound understanding of class and gender as shaping influences on peoples livesowes much to that earlier literary heritage,a heritage that,in general,has not been sufficiently valued by most contemporary literary critics.
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