比如,People are living longer now. 这句话一定不是主题句,而如果这句话是,People are living longer now since the improvement of food condition and the development of medical technology.这句话即是主题句了。因为它概括了文章后面会从哪几个方向来进行说明。
掌握好了主题句判断方法,很多文章学生便可以很快把握文章的结构框架,帮助后面文章的理解。比如一篇文章的开头是,Mycorrhizal fungi infect more plants than do any other fungi and are necessary for many plants to thrive, but they have escaped widespread investigation until recently for two reasons. First, the symbiotic association is so well-balanced that the roots of host plants show no damage even when densely infected. Second, the fungi cannot as yet be cultivated in the absence of a living root. 第一句是明显的判断句,即为主题句。
而主题句也同时概括了文章的将来结构,即会从M真菌影响力很强和M真菌过去由于两个原因没有得到广泛研究。
下面马上看到了first和second,我们即知道这两个很难读懂的句子无非是两个原因使得M真菌没有得到广泛研究而已,具体是哪两个原因,我们几乎可以忽略不读。
微观中的必读与不读
所谓微观,即使明确句子结构。再清楚一点说,即使我们要知道句子主干大意及和上下文的关系。
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