4) Personification: It gives human form of feelings to animals, or life and personal attributes to inanimate objects, or to ideas and abstractions。For example, the wind whistled through the trees.
5) Hyperbole: It is the deliberate use of overstatement or exaggeration to achieve emphasis.
For instance, he almost died laughing.
6) Understatement: It is the opposite of hyperbole, or overstatement. It achieves its effect of emphasizing a fact by deliberately understating it, impressing the listener or the reader more by what is merely implied or left unsaid than by bare statement.For instance, It is no laughing matter.
7) Euphemism: It is the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive expression for one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant.For instance, we refer to die as pass away.
8) Metonymy It is a figure of speech that has to do with the substitution of the mane of one thing for that of another.For instance, the pen is mightier than the sword 。
9) Synecdoche It is involves the substitution of the part for the whole, or the whole for the part.For instance, they say theres bread and work for all. She was dressed in silks.
10) Antonomasia It has also to do with substitution. It is not often mentioned now, though it is still in frequent use.
For example, Solomon for a wise man. Daniel for a wise and fair judge. Judas for a traitor.
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