3.诉诸生活常识
论点:She was very kind to me.
论据:She treated me with the best tea she had.
推理依据:A treatment with the best tea is an expression of kindness.
九、反证法
假设一个观点是正确的,然后却推导出荒谬的结论。例如:
论点:An industrious man must also be thrifty.
论据:With only industry but without thrift ,the person will end uo bankrupt.
推理依据:An industrious person ending up bankrupt sounds absurd.
十、统计数据论证法
提供数据,以资论证。例如:
论点:We should end the current poverty-relief program.
论据:It costs $45 million per year.
推理依据:This is too much;it proves we should end it.
只是一个详细的结构上的分析说明,在具体运用时,我们经常讲推理依据和论据放在了一起,但只要合理即可。论据可以自己编造,也可以是大众的例子,关键在于自己怎么样建立论点和论据之间的桥梁。上面的这些技巧,可能我们只用到某种或某几种,但我们必须得会至少一种。
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