【批判性思维有助于个人进步】
Critical thinking is crucial for self-reflection. In order to live a meaningful life and to structure our lives accordingly, we need to justify and reflect on our values and decisions. Critical thinking provides the tools for this process of self-evaluation.
【批判性思维包含的能力】
Generally, critical thinking involves both problem solving and reasoning. In fact, these terms are often used interchangeably. But specifically, what are critical thinking skills? They include the ability to:
Make observations;
Be curious, asking relevant questions and finding the resources you need;
Challenge and examine beliefs, assumptions, and opinions against facts;
Recognize and define problems;
Assess the validity of statements and arguments
Make wise decisions and find valid solutions; and
Understand logic and logical argument
【批判性思维与学校学习】
The key to seeing the significance of critical thinking in the classroom is in understanding the significance of critical thinking in learning. To learn is to think. To think poorly is to learn poorly. To think well is to learn well. All content, to be learned, must be intellectually constructed. To learn the content of history, one must engage in the process of thinking historically. There are two phases to the learning of content. The first occurs when learners construct in their minds the basic ideas, principles, and theories that are inherent in content. This is a process of internalization. The second occurs when learners effectively use those ideas, principles, and theories as they become relevant in learners lives. This is a process of application.
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