83. This editorial asserts that West Cambria should not change its highway speed
limits because such changes adversely affect driver alertness and are therefore
dangerous. To support this claim, the editorial cites statistics indicating that whenever
East Cambria changed its speed limits, an average of 3 percent more automobile
accidents occurred during the week after the change than during the week preceding it,
even when the speed limit was lowered. As it stands, this argument suffers from three
critical flaws.
First, it is unlikely that the brief one-week periods under comparison are
representative of longer time periods. A difference of only 3 percent during one
particular week can easily be accounted for by other factors, such as heavy holiday
traffic or bad weather, or by problems with reporting or sampling. Had the editorial
indicated that several speed-limit changes in East Cambria contributed to the statistic,
the argument would be more convincing; but for all we know, the statistic is based on
only one such change. In any event, a one-week period is too brief to be representative
because it is likely that accidents will occur more frequently immediately following the
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