11. The recommendation endorsed in this argument is that residents of San Perdito
vote current mayor Montoya out of office, and re-elect former mayor Varro. The reasons
cited are that during Montoyas four years in office the population has decreased while
unemployment has increased, whereas during Varros term unemployment declined
while the population grew. This argument involves the sort of gross oversimplification
and emotional appeal typical of political rhetoric; for this reason it is unconvincing.
First of all, the author assumes that the Montoya administration caused the
unemployment in San Perdito as well as its population loss. The line of reasoning is that
because Montoya was elected before the rise in unemployment and the decline in
population, the former event caused the latter. But this is fallacious reasoning unless
other possible causal explanations have been considered and ruled out. For example,
perhaps a statewide or nationwide recession is the cause of these events. Or perhaps the
current economic downturn is part of a larger picture of economic cycles and trends,
and has nothing to do with who happens to be mayor. Yet another possibility is that
Varro enjoyed a period of economic stability and Varros own administration set the
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