GMAT考试：Testprep数学精解2_GMAT数学

GMAT考试：Testprep数学精解2

　　Circular Reasoning

　　Circular reasoning involves assuming as a premise that which you are trying　to prove. Intuitively， it may seem that no one would fall for such an argument. However， the conclusion may appear to state something additional， or the　argument may be so long that the reader may forget that the conclusion was　

　　Example：

　　The death penalty is appropriate for traitors because it is right to execute

　　those who betray their own country and thereby risk the lives of millions.

　　This argument is circular because right means essentially the same thing as appropriate. In effect， the writer is saying that the death penalty is a　ppropriate because it is appropriate.

　　Shifting The Burden Of Proof

　　It is incumbent on the writer to provide evidence or support for her position. To imply that a position is true merely because no one has disproved it is to shift the burden of proof to others.

　　Example：

　　Since no one has been able to prove Gods existence， there must not be a God

　　There are two major weaknesses in this argument. First， the fact that Gods　existence has yet to be proven does not preclude any future proof of existence. Second， if there is a God， one would expect that his existence is independent of any proof by man.