4. Aestheticism or the Aesthetic Movement: it began to prevail in Europe at the middle of the 19th century. The theory of art for arts sake was first put forward by some French artists. They declared that art should serve no religious, moral or social purpose. The two most important representatives of aestheticists in English literature are Walt Pater and Oscar Wilde.
5. Allegory: a tale in verse or prose in which characters, actions, or settings represent abstract ideas or moral qualities, such as John Bunyans The Pilgrims Progress. An allegory is a story with two meanings, a literal meaning and a symbolic meaning.
6. Fable: is a short narrative, in prose or verse, that exemplifies an abstract moral thesis or principle of human behavior. Most common is the beast fable, in which animals talk and act like the human types they represent. The fables in Western cultures derive mainly from the stories attributed to Aesop, a Greek slave of the sixth century B. C.
7. Parable: is a very short narrative about human beings presented so as to stress analogy with a general lesson that the narrator is trying to bring home to his audience. For example, the Bible contains lots of parables employed by Jesus Christ to make his flock understand his preach.
8. Alliteration: the repetition of the initial consonant sounds. In Old English alliterative meter, alliteration is the principal organizing device of the verse line, such as in Beowulf.
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