以反讽为例,其原本意义与字面上表达的意思相反,需要从上下文结合语境来理解作者的真实意图。例如,明明了解是在剽窃抄袭,却要说成通过某种神秘的巧合明明希望成为名人,却要说冒着成为名人的危险。很多语气、态度题也往往将讽刺作为考点,能够准确的识别反讽的写作手法,对判断作者态度、理解文章主旨尤为重要。
3、文学元素:
Identify nuances and attitudes of characters. Determine characterization from dialogue, thoughts and actions, interactions among characters, and narrative perspective.
意思为:能辨别细微差别及人物的观点态度;能从人物对话、想法、动作、人物间互动及叙述者视角判断人物特性。
例如2010 年1 月真题中的一篇小说,题目问父亲的言论给了儿子什么感受?原文中儿子听到了父亲的话之后,用seditious 来形容父亲,而且用patriotically offended描写了儿子的内心感受,因此父亲的话在儿子看来是disloyal的。
4、推理论证:
Make layered inferences and apply those inferences to different but related situations. Make a connection between one part of a text and a later part of that same text to enhance comprehension. When reading a text , think about what the author is trying to say, either directly or indirectly. Think about what the author states, and what can be guessed about what he or she thinks or feels.
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