For example, when Darwin published his famous research results Origin of Species, the book encountered lots of controversies. On the one hand, the members of the religious community, as well as some scientific peers, stubbornly held their belief that each organism and each adaptation was the work of the creator, and were outraged about Darwins ideas. On the other hand, some insightful scientists tended to acknowledge Darwin researches. Eventually the theory of evolution defeated the traditional belief, and now is reverenced as one of the greatest intellectual revolutions of human history.
布鲁诺
In Brunos era, the religious community was in charge of the social thinking, and many people believed that the earth was the center of the universe. Regardless of a long period of imprisonment, Bruno claimed that the universe is infinite, which outraged the religious community, and Bruno was sentenced to death eventually.
Stephen Hawking
Hawking is certainly the most famous physicist in history who has not won the Nobel Prize. This is because the Swedish Royal Academy demands that an award-winning discovery must be supported by verifiable experimental or observational evidence. Hawkings work, to date, remains unproved.
Hawking has made his reputation by investigating, in great detail, one particular set of problems: the singularity and horizons around black holes and at the beginning of time. The idea that the universe had a specific time of origin has been philosophically resisted by some very distinguished scientists.
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