The modern era of Shakespeare scholarship has been marked by an enormous amount of investigation into the authorship, text, and chronology of the plays, including detailed studies of the age in which he lived, and of the Elizabethan stage. Authorship is still a controversial subject for certain plays, such as Titus Andronicus, Two Noble Kinsmen, and Henry VI, part I. This has involved detailed studies of the various editions of the plays, in particular the different quarto editions, and the first collected works, The First Folio of 1623. It is conventional to group the plays into early, middle, and late periods, and to distinguish comedies, tragedies, and histories, recognizing other groups that do not fall neatly into these categories.
莎士比亚
英国著名戏剧家和诗人。出生于沃里克郡斯特拉特福镇的一个富裕市民家庭,曾在当地文法学校学习。13 岁时家道中落辍学经商,约1586 年前往伦敦。先在剧院门前为贵族顾客看马,后逐渐成为剧院的杂役、演员、剧作家和股东。1597 年在家乡购置了房产,一生的最后几年在家乡度过。
莎士比亚是16 世纪后半叶到17 世纪初英国最著名的作家,也是欧洲文艺复兴时期人文主义文学的集大成者。他共写有37 部戏剧,154 首14 行诗,两首长诗和其他诗歌。长诗《维纳斯与阿多尼斯》和《鲁克丽丝受辱记》均取材于罗马诗人维奥维德吉尔的著作,主题是描写爱情不可抗拒以及谴责违背荣誉观念的兽行。14 行诗多采用连续性的组诗形式,主题是歌颂友谊和爱情。
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