In the early 1900s, American government had been congealed into a state of corruption and inaction by the powerful lobbyists of the industries. In this Gilded Age, the disparity between rich and poor were astonishingwhile Vanderbilt became a millionaire, millions of factory workersmostly immigrantslived in squalor and ate insalubrious food. At this same time, the progressive movement sought to rectify these injustices. Jane Addams, for example, started a settlement house for women workers, where she not only provided child care and financial support, but also campaigned for the abolition of child labor and the creation of laws to protect workers safety. The actions of hundreds of others like her eventuly led to reforms in city governmentthe referendum, the city council ran by experts, not lobbyists, etc. All these reforms originated at the movement of the individual.
However, movement by individuals does not have to spread nationwide to be effective. In the state of Connecticut, two teenagers who passionately cared for the environment effected state laws to make littering of cigarette butts illegal on beaches. The teens began with simple cleanup campaigns with friends and family but realized that more action couldand shouldbe taken. Thence, they began to make trips to state legislature in addition to trips to the beachinstead of collecting butts, they rallied support. Eventually, a law was passed to make their sentiments permanenthowever, the impetus started in the minds of two teenagers.
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