盖尔特纳写作的《植物杂交的实验与观察》既单调又重复,但涉及的范围很广,包含着一些极有价值的观察结果。达尔文和孟德尔都曾仔细地读过这本书。孟德尔读过的书至今还保存在捷克布隆的孟德尔纪念馆内,书中遍布记号和批注,有的内容正是以后孟德尔的实验计划里的组成部分。由此可见,一个伟大的科学思想的形成绝非偶然。
Key words: father of genetics
Gregor Mendel
Gregor Mendel , Austrian monk, whose experimental work became the basis of modern hereditary theory. Mendel was born on July 22, 1822, to a peasant family in Heinzendorf . He entered the Augustinian monastery at Brnn , which was known as a center of learning and scientific endeavor.
He later became a substitute teacher at the technical school in Brnn. There Mendel became actively engaged in investigating variation, heredity, and evolution in plants at the monasterys experimental garden. Between 1856 and 1863 he cultivated and tested at least 28,000 pea plants, carefully analyzing seven pairs of seed and plant characteristics.
His tedious experiments resulted in the enunciation of two generalizations that later became known as the laws of heredity. His observations also led him to coin two terms still used in present-day genetics: dominance, for a trait that shows up in an offspring; and recessiveness, for a trait masked by a dominant gene.
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