In the last session of the first Parliament held under James I, the differences between Crown and Commons grew critical, and Bacon took the role of mediator, despite his distrust of Jamess chief minister, Robert Cecil, 1st earl of Salisbury. On Salisburys death in 1612, Bacon, in order to gain the kings attention, wrote several papers on statecraft, particularly on relations between Crown and Commons. In 1613 he was appointed attorney general.
In 1616 Bacon became a privy councillor, and in 1618 he was appointed lord chancellor and raised to the peerage as Baron Verulam. In 1620 his Novum Organum was published, and on January 26, 1621, he was created Viscount Saint Albans. In the same year he was charged by Parliament with accepting bribes. He confessed but said that he was heartily and penitently sorry. He submitted himself to the will of his fellow peers, who ordered him fined, imprisoned during the kings pleasure, and banished from Parliament and the court. After his release, he retired to his family residence at Gorhambury. In September 1621 the king pardoned him but prohibited his return to Parliament or the court. Bacon then resumed his writing, completing his History of Henry VII and his Latin translation of The Advancement of Learning . In March 1622 he offered to make a digest of the laws, with no further consequence despite repeated petitions to James I and Jamess successor, Charles I. He died in London on April 9, 1626.
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