形容词在句子中的主要作用是作定语、表语和宾语补足语。英语中大部分形容词都具有这些功能。但也有少数形容词通常只作表语。常见的有afraid, alike, alive, alone, asleep, awake, glad, scarce, sorry, sure, worth, unable等。例如:
The child is asleep/sleeping. (作表语)
但是:the sleeping child,不能说*the asleep child(作定语) 注意:
1) 只能作表语的形容词常可作后置定语(相当省略关系代词和系动词的定语从句)如:
Whos the greatest man (that is) alive?
The people (who are) present at the meeting are famous scientists.
The boy (who is) afraid of exams is my brother.
2) 若这些形容词前有修饰语时, 也可放在名词前面作定语, 如:
a fast asleep man, the wide awake child.
它们还可作宾语补足语和主语补足语,如:
People who find hibernating animals asleep often think they are dead. (作宾语补足语)
An enemy officer was caught alive. (作主语补足语)
四、系表结构中形容词后的宾语
afraid, glad, sorry, sure, worth等形容词与系动词 be, seem等一起构成的系表结构后可以带一个宾语。现分叙如下:
1. be afraid to do sth.表示不敢干某事, 而be afraid of sth. (doing sth.) 则表示害怕 (干)某事,如:
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