Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard。
29. What was true of watches before the 1850s?
30. According to the speaker, why did some people wear watches in the 1800s?
31. What effect did industrialization have on watch-making?
Passage Three
More than a quarter of the world adult population are still unable to read and write. They are called illiterates. A worldwide campaign to change this situation has been launched by the United Nations, and the year 1990 has been designated as International Literacy Year。
The message from the United Nations is that illiteracy must be ended for the good of both the individual and Third World development. Illiteracy does more than limit an individuals freedom to live a full and independent life. Governments of Third World countries where 98 per cent of illiterates live, find their national development programs are being held back by an under-educated and illiterate workforce。
Illiteracy is not only a problem of the developing countries. Adults in western nations are often too ashamed to admit they cant read and write. Therefore, they are unable to go to classes to change the situation。
The success of International Literacy Year will depend largely on the political will of governments to provide equal opportunities in education. Women make up 60 per cent of the worlds adult illiterates. More schools are needed in rural areas and slums. But one of the biggest tasks now facing international organizations is how to persuade hundreds of millions of illiterates that learning to read and write will actually benefit them。
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