英语六级听力练习：标准3.26(2)_大学英语听力

英语六级听力练习：标准3.26(2)

　　Juma does not think racism was behind their beliefs, but rather pessimism about developing countries.

　　Because they looked at them and said theyre so poor, we cannot possibly give them the latest technologies because they are not even able to absorb them. So lets find them older technologies. So, I dont think it was racism. I think it was a mindset that was more colored by pessimism and less by an appreciation that even poor countries are able to solve their own problems when given a chance, he said.

　　Instead, they were given so-called -- appropriate technologies. Juma said instead of a modern water supply with sewers, they were told to dig wells. Instead of building modern electric grids, they were given fuel efficient stoves.

　　During the HIV/AIDS epidemic, many doubted African nations had the capability to distribute and administer antiretroviral drugs. And as a result, they said the drugs could not be effective. African nations proved them wrong.

　　Again that was another example of pessimism. Of saying theres really very little you can do for these countries because they dont have the infrastructure. The same infrastructure they had been denied from building in the first place, said Juma.

　　In the 20th Century, many had thought Ghana had the potential to become an economic powerhouse that it would become what South Korea is today.

　　Juma said, Its very interesting you bring up the case of Ghana because Ghana at independence got a foreign economic advisor a Nobel Laureate in economics Arthur Lewis. He was one of the critics of Schumpeter, who did not believe that a country like Ghana was capable of transforming itself technologically, whereas South Korea was able to do that. At that time, there wasnt a big difference between South Korea and Ghana.