四、理解文章中词汇的语义特征
上文提到了从整体把握文章的命脉;另外,文章中的某些关键词也能为考生提供线索。在选择时,尽量往这些关键词上靠,可以避免离题太远。以下三类词的作用不容忽视:
名词表主题 When it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isnt biting her nails just yet. But the 47?year?old manicurist isnt cutting, filing or polishing as many nails as shed like to, either. Most of her clients spend $12 to $50 weekly, but last month two longtime customers suddenly stopped showing up. Spero blames the softening economy. Im a good economic indicator, she says. I provide a service that people can do without when theyre concerned about saving some dollars. So Spero is downscaling, shopping at middle? brow Dillards department store near her suburban Cleveland home, instead of Neiman Marcus. I dont know if other clients are going to abandon me, too, she says.文中的这些名词为考生提供了一条主线,即使没完全读懂,但通过这些名词考生也可以确定这是一篇与经济有关的文章,每句话都没离开这个主题。可以设想一下,如果把其中的任何一句删去,然后让考生选择后补上,在遵循以经济为线索的前提下都是很容易解决的。也就是说这些名词表明了这篇文章的主题。
动词表变化 All of this caused a crisis of confidence. Americans stopped taking prosperity for granted. They began to believe that their way of doing business was failing, and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well. The mid?1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes of Americas industrial decline. Their sometimes sensational findings were filled with warnings about the growing competition from overseas.动词是各种变化最明显的体现,它可以表明文中所述情况的变化、作者态度的变化以及情感的变化等。本段文字中,先不看其它文字,只看这些关键的动词caused、stopped、began to believe、begin to fall、decline就可以表明这是一种由好到坏或由坏到好的变化,再结合其他部分可以更加肯定这一点,因为文中所述正是关于美国经济引发的一场信任危机,以及这场危机给人们带来的情感及经济方面的变化。
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