《毕金献阅读理解》电子书节选之四_大学英语阅读

《毕金献阅读理解》电子书节选之四

　　Moving from the global view of spaceship Earth to a regional, national, or local level, one is led to the consideration of fellow human beings as an additional social component of the environment. . In particular, they have created an artificial, man-made environment which affects all other environmental components. The environmental problem exists within these inter-relationships and inter?dependencies.

　　The difficulties involved are described by Bartelmus, who offers a tentative list of general human objectives, condensed from a variety of publicly proclaimed social objectives. The list of objectives includes affection, recreation and entertainment, education, human freedoms , shelter, esthetic and cultural values, political equity , health, physiological needs and future quality of life. Subjective value judgments are involved in such a list, and any further breakdown would be even more arbitrary as human preferences vary significantly among individuals and through time and space.

　　[A]The shift in the way ecologists study the planet, from the spaceship Earth paradigm to one that emphasizes the role of social interactions in the environment, allows for a great deal of subjectivity.

　　[B]Development is generally accepted to be a process that attempts to improve the living conditions of people. Most also agree that the improvement of living conditions relates to non-material wants as well as to physical requirements. Development goals that call for the increase of human welfare or the improvement of the quality of life reflect this agreement.