b.根据比较关系猜测词义
同对比关系相反,比较关系表示意义上的相似关系。
例如:Greenloves to talk,andhis brothers are similarly loquacious.
该句中副词similarly表明短语lovesto talk与生词loquacious之间的比较关系。以此可以推断出loquacious词义为 健谈的 。表示比较关系的词和短语主要是similarly,like,just as,also等。
c.根据因果关系猜测词义
在句子或段落种,若两个事物、现象之间构成因果关系,我们可以根据这种逻辑关系推知生词词义。
例如:Tomis considered an autocratic administrator because he makes decisions withoutseeking the opinions of others. 根据原因状语从句的内容,我们可以推断出生词autocratic指 独断专行的 。Therewere so many demonstrators in the Red Square that he had to elbow his waythrough the crowd. 此句为结果状语从句,根据从句的描书 许多示威者 ,我们便可推知elbow的词意 挤,挤过 。
d.根据同义词的替代关系猜测词义
在句子或段落种,我们可以利用熟悉的词语,根据语言环境推断生词词义。
例如:Although he often had the opportunity, Mr. Tritt was never able to steal moneyfrom a customer. This would have endangered his position at the bank, and hedid not want to jeopardize his future. 作者为避免重复使用endanger一词,用其同义词jeopardize来替代它,由此推知其词义为 使陷入危险,危及、危害 。
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