Attempting to answer these questions required several studies, on both mice and men.
为了得到答案,哈森博士对人和老鼠进行了多项研究。
The first involved five human volunteers eating 8oz sirloin steaks, plus a carnitinesupplement.
第一组实验的五个志愿者食用了8盎司沙朗牛排以及一片肉毒碱补充剂。
This diet resulted in high levels of both carnitine and TMAO in the volunteers blood.
实验结果是,志愿者血液中都出现了高含量的肉毒碱和氧化三甲胺。
But when the same people were given antibiotics to kill their gut microbes, a subsequentsteak meal produced little TMAO, even though their carnitine levels went even higher thanbefore.
但当这些志愿者食用可杀死肠道细菌的抗生素后,食用同样的牛排却只产生了少量的氧化三甲胺,尽管之前他们血液中肉毒碱含量升高过。
Production of TMAO, then, seems to need bacteria.
这表明氧化三甲胺的产生似乎确实需要肠道菌群参与。
Those bacteria are not, however, always present.
然而,这样的肠道细菌并不总是存在的。
In the interests of science, Dr Hazen persuaded a vegan volunteer to eat a steak.
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