The work of restoring Chinas lost wealth and power required overthrowing Confucianorthodoxy. The Confucian insistence on family over state, morality over materialism andritual over reward had let the country down in the face of Western threats. Indeed the questfor wealth and power was first articulated by Confuciuss arch-rivals, the Legalists: If a wiseruler masters wealth and power, said the Legalist philosopher Han Feizi two millennia ago, he can have whatever he desires.
重塑富强的中国需要颠覆儒家正统思想。儒家思想讲究家大于国,道德大于物质,先礼后兵,这让中国陷入了外国的威胁之中。真正对富强的追求首先被儒家的对手法家阐述。法家的代表人物韩非子2000年前说:如果一个聪明的统治者掌握了富强,那么就什么都在掌控之中了。
In search of rejuvenation, the figures profiled in this book were obsessed with startinganew. They were prepared to try anything, especially lessons and ideas from the West.Chinas road to modernity is littered with isms: constitutionalism , socialDarwinism , enlightened despotism and republicanism . Even the Chinese leader who clung most to traditional Confucian notions, ChiangKai-shek, drew from Leninism and the fascism of Mussolini.
寻求复兴的过程中,本书中的人物都着迷于重新开始。他们准备尝试任何事物,尤其是来自西方的思想和教训。中国的现代化之路上充满了各种主义,有康有为的立宪主义,有严复的社会达尔文主义,有梁启超的开明专制主义,还有孙中山的共和主义。甚至是最讲究传统儒家信条的蒋介石都吸收列宁主义和墨索里尼的法西斯主义思想。
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