But Mr Studwells own manifesto for economic success does resemble the Washingtonconsensus in one respect: it holds that poor economies can prosper by following a shortrecipe of tried and tested policies. This is now an unfashionable approach amongeconomists, who have turned their attention from policies to institutions: the social andpolitical constraints that weigh on ministers, whatever policies they avow. Most authors shyaway from prescriptions for success, arguing that every development dish is different.
然而,就某方面而言,Studwell 本人对经济成功的阐述确实和华盛顿共识有几分相似之处:他认为贫穷经济体可以把某些经过尝试和考验的政策当作短期方针,以实现自身的繁荣。可经济学者们如今并不看好这种途径,已经把目光从政策转向了体制方面:因为无论政界高官支持何种政策,社会和政治方面的约束总是会让他们裹足不前。很多作家都认为每个国家或地区的发展模式都是与众不同的,不愿意写书来阐述什么经济成功之道。
Mr Studwell has no such inhibitions. Asias post-war miracle economies emerged, he argues,by following a recipe with just three ingredients: land reform; export-led, state-backedmanufacturing; and financial repression.
Studwell 却没有这种顾虑。他认为,有些亚洲经济体在战后奇迹般地崛起了,而它们成功的秘诀归根结底无非就是三点:一是土地改革;二是由出口带动、由国家支持的制造业;三是金融抑制政策。
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