最后的一组是由和银行交换利率的客户组成。这一组包括巴尔的摩市,其代表是Hausfeld和那些被揭露案例的银行。
American cities borrow to finance the construction of large-scale public works like roadsand sewerage systems. They can borrow most cheaply at floating rates but this option lacksthe stability that fixed-rate borrowing gives. Swaps can help them get the best of bothworlds. The city first borrows at a low floating rate. It then buys an interest-rate swap from abank. Under the swap deal it receives a LIBOR floating rate which cancels out the payments itmust make to investors in its debt. In exchange the city pays the bank a fixed rate.
美国的城市借钱来资助大型公共工程建设,比如道路和排水系统。它们在浮动利率较低的时候买入,但这个买卖特权缺乏像固定利率借款所具备的稳定性。利率掉期可以帮助它们两者兼得。市政府首先在浮动利率低时借款,然后利率掉期时从银行买入。在掉期交易时,它得到伦敦银行间拆放款浮动利率,就可以抵消掉它必须要还清投资者当初支付的债务。于是交易时,市政府按固定利率给银行还款。
Baltimore entered into over $100m in interest-rate swaps, according to case documents.Lower LIBOR-linked payments to the city would have meant less money to cover theoutgoing fixed-rate payments. If LIBOR was artificially suppressed, the city would havebeen losing millions annually.
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