2015考研英语阅读噪音污染_大学英语阅读

2015考研英语阅读噪音污染

　　列车的驾驶员们正努力寻求保持车厢安静的方法。澳大利亚昆士兰的列车内就附有若干标识，明确提醒人们保持安静;英国的一名驾驶员购进信号干扰器以屏蔽列车上的通话。微观经济学则另辟蹊径地提出了一个方案：让人们为噪音埋单。

　　Fining people for making a din would surely dissuade the polluter and is a neat solution intheory, but it requires costly monitoring and enforcement. Another tack would be to useprices to separate quiet and noisy passengersin effect, creating a market for silence. Asimple idea would be to sell access to the quiet carriage as an optional extra when the ticketis bought. Making the quiet coach both an active choice and a costly one would dissuademany of those who do not value a peaceful ride.

　　理论上讲，向那些吵吵闹闹的旅客收取罚款无疑会劝阻他们勿吵勿闹，不失为一个干净利落的方法。但施行起来则需高昂的监管和执行费用。另一方案是将安静的旅客和嘈杂的旅客分离开来实质上就是为安静创造一个市场。只需在售票时为安静车厢额外收费，就可轻松实现这一想法。将安静的车厢成为乘客的主动选择并收费就会让很多不珍视安静旅途的乘客静下来。

　　Charging may also solve the commitment problem. This is particularly tricky, as attitudesto noise can change during the journey. Some passengers would pay the quiet premium butstill chatter away when some vital news arrives. Schemes that reward the silenta ratingssystem among fellow passengers, for examplecould help. The idea is that losing yourhard-won reputation offsets the short-term gain from using the phone. But such a systemalso fails the simplicity test.