2015考研英语阅读国富实论_大学英语阅读

2015考研英语阅读国富实论

　　经济学家总是用国内生产总值来解决问题。但是国内生产总值是衡量一个国家收入的指标，并非资本。它体现了商品和服务的流量，而不是资本的存量。使用国内生产总值衡量一个经济体，恰如，从不往资产负债表上扫一眼，却以季度盈利来判断一家企业的走向一样。值得庆幸的是，本月联合国在剑桥大学帕萨达斯古普塔爵士的监督下，发表了20个国家的资本决算报告，包含制造或物质资本，人力资本，自然资本。

　　By this gauge, America s wealth amounted to almost $118 trillion in 2008, over ten times itsGDP that year. Its wealthper person was, however, lower than Japan s, which tops the league on this measure.Judged by GDP, Japan s economy is now smaller than China s. But according to the UN, Japanwas almost 2.8 times wealthier than China in 2008 .

　　根据该指标，2008年，美国的财富总额近118万亿美元，是其当年国内生产总值的十倍多。然而，其人均财富却低于日本，后者在这项指标中独占鳌头。仅以国内生产总值衡量，日本的经济规模比中国小。但是，根据联合国的报告，在2008年，日本的财富几乎是中国的2.8倍。

　　Officials often say that their country s biggest asset is their people. For all of the countries inthe report except Nigeria, Russia and Saudi Arabia, this turns out to be true. The UNcalculates a population s human capital based on its average years of schooling, the wage itsworkers can command and the number of years they can expect to work before they retire. Human capital represents 88% of Britain s wealth and 75% of America s. Theaverage Japanese has more human capital than anyone else.