By putting a dollar value on everything from bauxite to brainpower, the UN s exercise makesall three kinds of capital comparable and commensurable. It also implies that they aresubstitutable. A country can lose $100 billion-worth of pastureland, gain $100 billion-worth ofskills and be no worse off than before. The framework turns economic policymaking into anasset-management problem, says Sir Partha.
联合国评估了从铝土矿到智力资源,一切事物的价值,此次实践使三种资本具备了可比性和 可衡量性,也意味着它们之间可以互相替代。一个国家若失去了价值1000亿美元的牧场,却获得了1000亿美元的技术,那她的状况并不比之前差。帕萨爵士 说:该框架将经济政策制定转变成资产管理问题。
A country like Saudi Arabia, for example, depleted its stock of fossil fuels by $37 billionbetween 1990 and 2008, while adding to its stock of school-leavers and university graduates. In some richer countries, however,investments in human capital appear to have hit diminishing returns, the report argues.Perhaps governments should redirect their investment into natural capital instead,restocking their forests rather than their libraries.
比如,沙特阿拉伯,在19902008年间,虽然损耗了 370亿美元的化石燃料,但高中和大学毕业生的人数大大增加。报告指出,在一些更富裕的国家,人力资本的投资收益却日渐萎 缩,也许这部分国家应再度投资自然资产,重新武装森林,而不是图书馆。
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