实际的测试会采用精确的操作性条件反射方法,测试对象首先要清楚实验的过程和错误。
As in operant conditioning, correct responses would be ewardedby money, perhaps, for ahuman being; by bananas for a chimpanzee or by the numerical value itself for anappropriately programmed computer.
在操作性条件反射中,正确的反射响应将得到奖励对人而言可能是金钱,对黑猩猩而言是香蕉,对可编程计算机而言则可能是数值本身。
If the test were noughts and crosses, the test-taker would first have to work out that the game is won by getting three in a row on a 3-by-3 grid,before actually going on to play.
如果测验是画圈叉游戏,则在进行游戏之前测试参与者首要要弄懂在3X3的网格中,3个格连成一行就赢得游戏了。
A chimpanzee might not manage a test of this level of complexity, but could, maybe, workout the idea of three-in-a-row when only a single row was involved.
黑猩猩可能没办法理解这种复杂度等级的测验,但当只有一行时,它们也许就可以明白 3格-1行 的概念了。
Chess, though, would surely be beyond it .
而象棋的难易度远超过黑猩猩的理解程度。
Games like draughts and dominoes would lie somewhere in between.
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