Mr Bradshaw说,在对狗狗的长期驯化中,有一个理论一直主导着人类,即,狼群是受一个暴戾的头狼统领的。狗狗对人类的服从就沿袭了狼的这一行为模式。于是,对狗狗的驯化就成了统领权的竞赛,赢家只有一个。为了实现这一点,人类必须使用各种惩罚的方法来让狗狗服从它的主人。不能让狗狗先于你进家门或站在高高的楼梯顶端。这都会让狗狗相信在饲主及其家人面前,它们占了上风。 Mr Bradshaw 认为这种方法背后的理论基础都站不住脚而且相当落伍。
Dogs share 99.6% of the same DNA as wolves. That makes dogs closer to wolves than we areto chimps , but it does not mean thattheir brains work like those of wolves. Indeed, the outgoing affability of most dogs towardshumans and other dogs is in sharp contrast to the mix of fear and aggression with whichwolves react to animals from other packs. Domestication has been a long and complexprocess, Mr Bradshaw writes. Every dog alive today is a product of this transition. Whatwas once another one of the wild social canids, the grey wolf, has been altered radically,to the point that it has become its own unique animal. If anything, dogs resemble juvenilerather than fully adult canids, a sort of arrested development which accounts for the way theyremain dependent on their human owners throughout their lives.
狗与狼的基因99.6%是一样的。这使得狗与狼的关系远比人类与黑猩猩的更近,但这并不意味着狗狗的大脑与狼的工作原理是一样的。的确,绝大多数的狗狗对人类和自己的同类都表现的很友好,于此截然相反的是,狼对其它动物的反应则表现为多疑和攻击性。家饲驯化是一个漫长而复杂的过程 Mr Bradshaw写到,每一条生活在今天的狗狗都是这一变迁的产物,曾有是一种群居的野生犬科动物-灰狼,经过了彻底的演变,从而变成了一种独一无二的动物.如果说有什么相同的话,狗不再是成熟的犬科动物而是停留在了幼年状态,它们终其一生要依靠它们的饲主才能生活。
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