Capitalism, they note, has made possible vast improvements in material conditions, but italso fuels human insatiability. One way it does this is by increasingly monetising theeconomy. Monetisation is what vexes Michael Sandel, a Harvard political philosopher, inWhat Money Can t Buy. Mr Sandel poses a single question: has the role of markets spreadtoo far?
他们认为,资本主义在极大地改善了人们的物质生活条件的同时,也助长了人们贪婪的本性。其途径之一是使经济越来越金钱化。金钱化是哈佛大学哲学家迈克尔桑德尔在《金钱买不到的东西》一书中的重点关注。桑德尔先生提出了一个问题:市场化是否已经走得太远了?
He argues that it has, and packs his book with examples. Some, such as the sale of a poorman s kidney for transplanting into a rich man s body, will make many people squirm.Others, such as the sale of naming rights for sports stadiums, may yield only a resignedshrug. But almost all give pause for thought. Mr Sandel poses two objections consistently.One is inequality: the more things money can buy, the more the lack of it hurts. The otherMr Sandel calls corruption: buying and selling can change the way a good is perceived.Paying people to give blood does not work. Giving schoolchildren money as an incentive toread books may make reading a chore rather than a lifelong pleasure.
桑德尔认为,市场化确实太过分了,在书中他举出了很多例子。有些例子,比如穷人出卖肾脏移植于富人的身体,会使很多人感到不安。另一些例子,如体育场出卖挂名权,大概只会使人无奈地耸耸肩而已。但几乎所有的例子都令人思考。桑德斯先生在书中反复强调了他对过度市场化的两个反对意见。其一是不平等:钱能买到的东西越多,缺钱带来的伤害就越大。其二是桑德斯先生所称的腐蚀:买卖行为会改变人们对良好事物的看法。如对献血人付钱的办法并不能鼓励更多的人献血;用给钱来鼓励小学生阅读书籍,会使阅读成为一种负担而不是终生的乐趣。
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