The first of NASA s rovers, Sojourner, which reached Mars in 1997, was 65cm long andweighed 10kg. Spirit andOpportunity, its twin successors, were larger, at 1.6 metres and 170kg. Curiosity, bycomparison, is a monster. At 3 metres and 900kg it is the size of a small car. It also usesdifferent technology. The other three rovers were powered by solar panels. Curiosity ispowered by plutonium. This brings three advantages. First, it allowsCuriosity to carry more power-hungry scientific instruments than previous rovers. Second, itpermits the rover to work through the Martian winter. Third, it avoids the problem of dustaccumulating on the solar panels, which gradually sapped the strength of its predecessors.
美国宇航局第一个火星探测器 索杰纳 号于1997年到达火星,该探测器长65厘米,重10公斤。随后到达的是 双子 火星探测器 勇气 号及 机遇 号,它们体积比 索杰纳 号稍大,长1.6米,重170公斤。与前三者相比,身长3米,重达900公斤,小汽车般大小的 好奇 号可算是个庞然大物了,而且它采用了不同的技术。前三个探测器由太阳能电池板提供能量,而 好奇 号采用核动力 钵 供能。。采用核动力有三个好处。第一,它允许携带更高能耗的科学仪器;第二,它能保证 好奇 号在火星的冬季环境下工作。第三,它克服了太阳能电池板由于蒙尘而使前者漫游车电力逐渐下降的缺点。
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